A Guide to Passages in Abdy's Journal Which
Mention Northern Free Blacks, and White Racial Attitudes

This guide consists of links into an edited text of Abdy's Journal.  The edited text is limited to Abdy's observations on northern free black communities, and on white attitudes towards African American especially in the northern states.

Each link will take you to a particular passage of the edited text.  If you click on a link within the edited text, your browser will jump to the place full text of the book from which the passage was taken.

Africo-Americans in the New York House of Refuge

Visits with Mayor Marcy to New York's "African" Schools

Visit with Wm Lloyd Garrison in NY on his way to England

Albino Girl at "African" School

"Indiscriminate" mixing of convicts on Blackwell's Island

Aristocracy of the Skin (long - source of working title)

Beginning of Investigation of Africo-Americans and colonization

Rev. Peter Williams (son of slave; black Episcopal Minister)

Callous Proposals in American Quarterly Review and Niles.

Cruelty and Consequences of Such a Policy (Removal of females for population control)

Prejudices and Real Motives of the Colonization Society

In England, a sable complexion is a passport ...

Singsing and Dr. Lieber's prejudices

Among juvenile offenders at the Refuge were 12 colored boys...

Mexican and US prejudices against "low" occupations

Servant - euphemism for slave; other linguistic peculiarities

Prevalence of domestic service among blacks; mixed consequences

Black servants convenient scapegoats (Jim Crow North)

Hint ... that they eat pease with a knife, and they are highly enraged:tell them that their conduct to the "niggers" is inhuman and unmanly,and they laugh in your face.

Peter Williams again; reports and lies from Liberia

A more thorough humbug never existed

The patience of these people ... Whose feelings would not revolt?

Weathersfield Penitentiary (near Hartford); reasons for high percentage of blacks in prison

Racial abuse in Hartford - increased by Colonization efforts

Greater equality of blacks in the countryside

Lecture on the subject of slavery in Boston

Blacks' inability to get tavern license (Jim Crow North)

Prejudice oblivious to its own effects.

Colonizationist Meeting in Boston

Impudence of proclaiming Africa the home of the Africo-Americans

Boston black unable to sell or use pew at Park St. Church (in 1830). (Jim Crow North)

Joshua Easton's similar inability to claim a pew (Jim Crow North)

Walsh's Appeal denies racism

'African' schools in Boston

This 'spiteful vulgar distinction' -- petty ways in which blacks are singled out

Reports of 'frightful mortality' from Liberia

'African' colonists as the New Pilgrims (...Humbug...)

Colonizationists tried to censor Garrison

Flourishing of antislavery since 1831 attributed to Garrison

State of Georgia puts price on Garrison's head

Garrison's slander conviction in Baltimore

Arbitrary whip-lashing of blacks by a driver in the south - Bostonian scorned for protesting

Visit to David and Lydia M. Child; her writings

Conversation with Mr Levington - the black Baltimorian minister

Mr Levington's school; insults in course of his travels

Bostonian abolitionist accustoms his children to sleeping with black children

Prejudice unjustified -- selflessness during cholera epidemic

Irish among the worst persecuters; interracial marriage and laws on it

Phillis Wheatley's copy of Paradise Lost

Harrison Grey Otis' tepid defense of blacks

Mrs. Paul (black teacher) not allowed to travel by stage

Miss Paul's brother not allowed in grammer school; other insults on the road

'Confusion to New England' (toast in the south)

Foolish fear that racial mixture causes "degeneration"

Fear of ridicule while 'inviting its shafts'

Fear of a growing black population -- taken to extreme

Chapter 6

• Views of a Yankee come recently from the south
• Providence, RI, Dexter Asylum for the Poor; its racial integration
• Providence; pop. 16,000-20,000, 1500-1600 black; their difficulties
• Stories of Georgia cruelty to slaves; black slaveowner selling his daughter to concubinage
• On the way to visit Prudence Crandall
• Stage Driver's wholehearted approval of Crandall's school for black girls
• Atmosphere of calumny against Miss Crandall
• How Miss Crandall came to have a school for black girls
• Loss of white students because of one slightly dark girl
• Warning not to bring "colored scholars" to church
• Gentility and 'lady-like deportment' of Miss Crandall and her students
• A simple school -- not for turning out 'fashionable ladies'
• 'Big men' against her include Colonization Soc. officers; judges unfair admonition to jury; jury hung
• The law for suppressing Crandall's school, bans black students from out of town
• Her judge maintains blacks cannot be citizens; Kent's opinion
• More grounds for and against black citizenship; meaning of its denial
• Mr. Purvis' Passport, granted by Secy of State
• Visit with an 80 year old abolitionist in Brooklyn, CT
• Controversy; a 'Village Hampden'; Some enlightened Yankees
• Stagecoach opinion against Miss Crandall
• 'I thought it highly ridiculous that a great nation should see civil war and commotion in a swarthy skin'

Chapter 7

• Harmonious relations of black and white students at Hartford Deaf and Dumb Asylum
• Universalist Church: 'They set here, ... in little slips set apart for them'

Chapter 8

• Young racist driver - 'the reason why, I cannot tell'
• Shaker Egalitarianism - reason for their persecution?
• In Old Dutch Country 'You Europeans, must be astonished at the superstition you see here'
• Utica black who 'sold himself', conning a West Indian planter
• A Southerner insults New England Hospitality

Chapter 9

• Senneca Indians, near Buffalo
• The 'help' seems to have the uper hand.

• A Frenchman scandalizes whites by accepting a light from a black
• Another Frenchman stoned for speaking civilly to a black woman in NY
• Wishing to be flayed alive to no longer be treated as a Pariah
• (Wm Leete) Stone's bombastic ridicule of  an Englishwoman marrying a (partly) Indian man
• Fear of (degeneracy through) amalgamation -- ignores that which occurs from 'vice'.  Haiti
• Canada would be forced to return slaves if not for English protection; one cause of War of 1812
• American pressure nearly does force Canada to take up slave-catching, but not quite
• Tuscorora Indian settlement, near Lockport, NY

Chapter 11

• Oneida Indians, between Albany and Rochester
• Kosciuszko; West Point; Frustration of his bequest to free and educate slaves
• Phrenology fails to confirm 'inferiority' of  black skulls (from a NY graveyard)
• Sermon on Wilberforce in NY 'African' Church
• Quality of sermon, and deportment of listeners, in 'African' church; contrast to negative stereotypes
• Colonization meeting; Chancellor Walworth; 'wretched and degraded'; ejection of black protester
• White women unwilling to 'marry colored persons'; circular reasoning
• David Walker: 'I would not give a pinch of snuff to be married to any white person...'
• 'illiberal, indelicate, and unphilosophical' observations about marriage (between races)
• I felt ashamed when I looked a black man in the face
• Young lady 'animated' over race-mixture; 'mark of inferiority'. Abdy's rebuttal
• Inevitable growth of black population (and likely admixture) no cause for 'apprehension or regret'
• Absurdity of the dread of race-mixing - 'This great imaginary evil'
• Foolishness of expecting African-Americans to colonize and improve Africa
• Advantage taken of American blacks in Haiti -- some sold back to slavery

Chapter 12

• Discrimination against blacks in all trades in New York; self-interest of tradesmen
• Uncompensated emancipation occurred in NY State without incident; up to 10,000 freed
• Black children 'given away'; negroes 'lived as well as masters'
• I was living with men I could not esteem
• [Overcome by zeal, I argued with a lawyer who claimed 'African' close to 'ourang-outang']
• logic used by those who suffer the understanding to be led by the feelings
• U.S. courts Russian Czar to help suppress Cuban independence due to 'character of its population'
• U.S. diplomacy dictated by the interests of slavery
• Suppression of statement of equality and toleration made in the Panama Congress
• America uneasy about South American republics due to their different race policies
• NAR: 'The isothermal lines of character might be drawn [as precisely] as those of temperature'
• N.Eng Mag: British called 'man of America' inferior; freedom in fact makes him superior
• You find men of color at the head of their armies, ... and in their executive departments.
• Benton: Peace of 11 states will not permit fruits of successful negro insurrection to be exhibited
• England's own guilt: nonrecognition of Haiti, and suppression of trade
• A low debasing (and materialist) standard of eligibility to a respectable station in society
• One of 'most enlightened and estimable men' could not 'eat with a colored man'
• an obstinate denial of justice and charity where Bible societies abound
• All American church denominations contribute to the 'weight of such hypocrisy'
• I strive .. to suppress the indignation I feel .. I love my boy .. my hopes are blasted
• What is gained or held by injustice, is .. defended by violence; it would be want of reason to appeal to reason
• The bandit and the pirate are known by the cocked pistol and the grasped dagger
• Hypocritic demand of protection of slavery on one hand, and 'hands off' on the other
• double-talk on status of Indian territories
• Georgia toast: Southern liberty and southern slavery! --like the Siamese twins, inseparably united
• [the critic of slavery's] tongue shall be cut out and cast upon the dunghill
• What a thing to die for; 'execution of escaped slaves'; decline in Maryland;
• Slave who killed her child out of love; tried and found guilty; execution delayed til she gave birth
• So much care is taken to conceal what is passing
• Two slaves tortured to death due to false suspicions (American Register 1826)
• At present, atrocities against slaves are more carefully kept from the news
• Abolitionists stigmatized and attacked for trying to put an end to such cruelties
• Mob attack on meeting to inaugurate NY Abolition Society; hoping to lynch Garrison
• Old black man the butt of ridicule; made to preside over mock meeting
• Mob attack was fomented by southerners, and a certain 'vulgar' newspaper
• Abolitionists urged in vain to 'desist and delay'
• America's debt to Africa and to 'outraged humanity'. Abdy's reluctant conversion into an accuser
• Pettiness of whining over unjust accusations of vulgarity, given what goes on in U.S.
• Abdy's confidence in ultimate reversal of American racism; 'elastic force of Antaeus'
• Abolitionist boycotting of slave-produced goods is just retaliation
• The cry of nullification arose from a deeper feeling than any the protecting policy could inflict
• Federal form of government has become an 'instrument of domestic tyranny'

Chapter 13

• Webster at Plymouth -- Kent: 'The distinction of color is unknown in Europe'
• New York's anomolous property requirement for blacks to vote
• One reason for black disenfranchisement - their voting for the losing Federalists
• Who will stand in the ranks shoulder to shoulder with a negro? No one, in peacetime.
• I never knew a man of color that was not an anti-Jackson man
• At city jail, talking to supposed runaway slaves; forced to get their own food
• Damon Jones' story: 'purchased his freedom three or four times'
• Ex-sheriff who was kind to blacks, now confined to jail
• Cases decided against the black prisoners; apparent swindle
• Slave hanged for stealing horse he escaped on.
• Damon Jones' story, continued (long and involved)
• Hester Lane, a black woman of New York who spent her money buying others from slavery
• Am Q'ly Rev. castigates South American aristocracy for acting precisely like southern planters
• National meeting in Philadelphia, 12/4-6, affirms equal rights of blacks
• Eradication of 'unmanly prejudice' indispensable to abolishing slavery

Chapter 14

• Story of a black boy named Peterson, of New York who died saving white boys from drowning
• Susanna Peterson, generous hearted mother of the deceased boy
• Mutual assistance society, 'Benevolent Daughters of Zion', to which Mrs. Peterson belonged
• Mrs. Peterson is sister of 'African Roscius'
• White public reaction is to try to send Mrs. Peterson and family to 'Pestilential' Africa
• Difficulty of getting Mrs. Peterson to accept money for service (due to some kindness to her)
• Another black rescuer declined $5 from father of boy he saved
• Travelling blacks required to travel on ship deck, or ejected arbitrarily from coaches
• School children raise money for 7 year old classmate, seized as runaway slave.
• Man brought to tears by the childrens' generosity
• Abdy's examination of some black Latin scholars; 'fine head'; diligence
• Visit to the black minister, Levington, in his home at Baltimore; modest fundraising success
• Eliot Cresson offerred to send Levington to Liberia, which he declined
• Service in Levington's (Episcopal) church; Methodism more in favor in Baltimore
• Free blacks relatively well-off in Baltimore; preferred by storekeepers and tradesmen
• Story by German of Baltimore free blacks purchasing indigent white emigrants
• Maryland tries to expel its free blacks.
• Maryland keeps out free negroes, mulattos, from other states.

Chapter 15

• D.C.: Gadsby's hotel -- 'shocked beyond description' at being surrounded by slaves
• If slaves are all thieves, why does Gadsby allow his doors to be left unlocked?

Chapter 16

• Conversation with slave serving breakfast at Gadsby's
• Transience of marriage among slaves
• Slaves at Gadsby's keeping presents from guests. Times worse due to Colonization talk
• Gov. Giles of Virginia calls slavery 'punishment of the highest order'
• What a country.. slaves told to find reason for resignation in wrongs done to free blacks
• Disregard of parental tie; children sold away from mothers; one child killed to prevent this
• Washington a great slave mart; free blacks are kidnapped and sold
• Woman drowning to escape human 'blood hounds'; another mutilates herself to free her children
• Suicides of slaves about to be sold
• Jealous mistress mutilates slave girl and leaves her for dead, but she survives
• Presumption against liberty inconvenient, but 'necessary to the security of slave-property'
• Petitions for abolition of slavery in D.C.
• Advertized escaped slaves may mask guilt of master who actually sold them
• Peck of corn a week and sometimes a daily herring
• Robey's slave pen 'right up against the Capitol'
• Man 'taken up on suspicion', and then sold to pay his jail fees
• Slaves held responsible for their word, though courts dismiss it as valueless
• Free papers often destroyed by jailers
• More evidence of kidnapping free blacks; Farmers of poor land must sell slave children to profit
• First hand witness to a free woman's kidnapping and sale (to New Orleans)
• Slave coffles, soul drivers, and forced concubinage
• Only execution in 20 years in DC was for supposed assault by black on white woman
• Poor public morals in Washington vs principle cities of free states
• Dishonoring of industry harmful to female virtue; intriguers and adventurers
• Attempts to abolish slavery in D.C.
• The most industrious blacks experience strongest attempt to 'colonize' them
• Prodigality, speculation, and bad management
• In east, some sons leave the estate for the west. In south, the 'estate' travels west with them.
• Slavery is carefully protected, though the *word* is carefully avoided, in the Constitution
• To talk of a slave's labor being 'due' to his master, is to insult common sense
• Building the republican form on the destruction of the republican spirit
• Debate in Congress over 'persons', slaves, and damaged property in wartime
• Difference between slave and ox may be less in Louisianna due to roots of their law
• Encounter with a slave buyer gathering a coffle for N.Carolina

Chapter 17

• The kitchen cabinet and the colonization society emulate each other in absurdity
• Forbidding blacks to carry the mail
• While the black man is prohibited from carrying the mail, the white man plunders it
• Andrew Jackson accused of having been a slave trader
• Gen. Jackson accused of transporting a drove of slaves and defying passport regulation
• Between the 1808 abolition of the slave trade, and 1819, states disposed of the 'contraband' as they pleased
• High cost of maintaining seized illegally imported slaves
• Slaves were taken from illegal importers, but they sold to slavery anyway
• U.S. subverts Anglo-American convention for suppressing the slave trade
• 12,000 illegal slaves brought in in a year
• Using the law against slave importation to facilitate slave importation
• New Orleans Argus indirectly admits high slave mortality; cheaper to buy than maintain
• Virginia wants to sell slaves to the rest of the Americas
• The federal form menaced by 'unequal division of light and liberty between north and south

Chapter 23

• Medations on the various ways in which gregarious animals take their food
• On the Ohio: The North holds the muzzle, while the South rivets the chain
• A barber informs Abdy of a community of free blacks near Madison, IN
• Civility between whites and black barber
• Positive observations on black and mulattoes by a German shopkeeper in Louisville
• Initial, wary reception in the free black colony
• Blacks from Kentucky; 'pestered and plagued' with inducements to go to Liberia
• The urgings to 'go to Liberia' doubly galling as coming from their white Sunday-school teachers
• White boy's interpretation of why they should go to Liberia: 'you'll eat us up'
• Description of settlers: 11 families; 129 in all some ex-slaves; from Va and Ky.
• An old acquaintance comes to visit the Crosby family
• A modest meal of eggs and bacon
• Religious service at the school house; Abdy meets more of the community
• Fountain Thurman, the 'head of the clan', a singular man
• How Fountain Thurman freed himself, bought a farm, and redeemed his family
• Another colony, of two black families, is two miles off
• News of an escaped slave in hiding -- travel to see her
• A free black woman from Pennsylvania; kidnapped, and now escaped from Kentucky
• 'My guide' recognized the woman; story of woman murdered for her beauty by 'dying' husband
• Woman's escape from a slave coffle; recapture, and 2nd escape to Madison
• To Canada, with a man nof the community, posing as his free wife (recently died)
• Subscription raised for the escaped woman
• Abdy declines to forge papers
• Penalties for helping slave escape exceed those for helping a felon
• The English have their own guilt
• Colonial secretary wants heavy penalties for helping foreign slaves
• Foreign (suspected) slaves should be deported on 'first vessel'
• 1815, Martinique - a 15 year old escaped slave hanged; his mother forced to watch
• Hand that signed the death-warrant of the slave-alien 'red with the blood of apprentice'
• Secy's 3rd suggestion: some might think us selfish if we send him to our own country, so be arbitrary
• Color 'presumption of guilt' -- too much trouble to have to prove an actual escapee
• On way to Madison with F. Thurman -- increase in his farm's value; accused of keeping neighbors from Liberia
• Pen-sketch of Thurman; frank and manly; greeted with respect;
• Kidnappers in Madison whom Thurman knew by sight
• Ancient slaves 'put out to pasture' in Indianna by southern neighbors
• 1821 - Pennsylvania discourages black indentured servants over 28.
• Slave 'redemptioners' common in Indianna due to labor shortage
• Landing in Cincinnati, Abdy selects a black porter; sees blacks haven't vacated Ohio
• Attempt made recently to expel blacks lacking 500 dollar 'security'
• Black community responded with barricades and shooting; expulsion attempt stopped
• Black population of Cinci. about 3,000; 3/4 were manumitted slaves
• Condition of Cinci. blacks -- some own property; pay taxes but get no benefits
• Thieves and murderers go free because black witnesses called invalid
• Subscription raised for refugees (from earlier anti-black riot) in Canada by those who stayed
• Striving to free relatives
• Silversmith who bought his freedom, unable to practice his craft in the north
• Remarkable taste seen in the furnishings of Cinci. blacks' houses
• Southern influence in 'indecent prints' and 'perverted tastes' in public houses
• 100 dollars offered in ad for runaway slave (in Cinci. newspaper)
• Lewd ridicule of Lane Seminarians helping blacks in Hall's Monthly Magazine
• Description of the two Lane seminarians, who quit the seminary to serve black community
• Abolition accused of attempt to 'unite church and state' in U.S.; of dividing them in U.K.
• Black man Abdy visited several times in Cinci; bought self for $600; now worth $3000
• Elderly man who freed self when master trying to defraud him with hope of freedom
• The man was nearly killed, and his 13 yr old daughter fatally wounded in struggle
• Saved by his wife, and a writ of habeas corpus when beaten unconscious
• Too many cruel and disgusting stories to think of
• New Orleans slaves forced to steal or be beaten
• New Orleans - slaves chained in a burning house; owners indifferent
• Initially outraged, New Orleans public was not eager to see punishment done
• Schooling only for 'morality, virtue, and wisdom of our free white citizens'
• Colonization Meeting in Cinci. Abdy gives a long satirical paraphrase worthy of Dostoevski (...Humbug...)
• Colonization speaker defies decency, speaking of 'niggers' before partly black audience (...Humbug...)
• Abdy did not stay to hear the next speaker, Lyman Beecher
• Abdy meets Beecher next day; B. says prejudice is good - it prevents amalgamation
• Beecher abuses the phrase 'free consent'; more of Abdy's deadly sarcasm
• Beecher: 'his heart pleaded in favor of liberty, while his intellect yielded to sophistries'
• 'Good Samaritans' teaching blacks in their true homeland; Ms Lathrop
• Schools for blacks supported by students of Lane Seminary
• Remarkable progress of students in the Cinci. black schools
• First visit to Lane Seminary; Manual labor principles
• Wholesale conversion of the academy to abolition in past 12 months
• T.Weld; James Bradley; brought from Africa as a child; bought his freedom; now a student
• Bradley's treatment while enslaved; 'as soon knock him on the head as an opossum'
• Another written account by an ex-slave; excellant grammer and writing
• James Bradley exceptionally dark; environmental theories of skin color
• James Bradley's experiences in S. Carolina and Arkansas territory
• Dr. Beecher's great liberality towards Bradley
• Student who gave up nearly his whole patrimony; two slaves; now paying for education
• Southern students' stories; nature of slaves; aware of right to freedom; love for children
• To be worked to death is no uncommon thing; cotton, rice, sugar plantations worst
• Visiting the black community with Weld and Prof. Morgan
• 114 year old Solomon: 'the cow-hide was my breakfast, and dinner, and supper'
• Tortured for preaching to fellow-slaves
• Solomon refused to work at age 100. Abandoned on banks of Ohio
• 'his owner, finding he had a few dollars' worth of labor still left in him'
• Solomon's benevolent rescuer
• Female masters worse than men
• A slave playing the fool, learns the route north, and escapes
• Where was mistress' conscience 'when ... cut that poor woman's back to pieces other day?'
• Freedom purchase permitted by will; torture by a half-sister
• Host an exslave carpenter; purchased his siblings; now employs white 'hands'

Chapter 24

• Damning report of Liberia from black Baptist suppressed
• Settlers forced to spend weeks in idleness until they get, and get over, the inevitable fever
• In 6 months, 'turned out of doors, sick, weak, and debilitated'
• Some starving colonists ready to go back to slavery
• 'I was particularly requested ...to disabuse the American public'
• Colonists made to lie about their situation, calling it happy
• Committee reports: 'lands are withheld from them, .. till they become 'burthensome upon society'
• Lack of land at first condemns settlers to 'unprofitable and health-destroying employment'
• No State in the Union has carried its enmity ... so far as Ohio.
• Persecution to the grave -- burial north-south instead of east-west
• The insult is deeply felt
• 1807 Ohio law disqualifies blacks as witnesses
• White woman forced to live as slave and bear black children
• The woman, known around Cinci.; rejected by white son; cared for by black daughter
• Newspaper threat to expel blacks if not bonded, which helped bring on violence in '29
• Lundy's expectation of a land grant for blacks in (Mexican) Texas
• Disputing claims that freed slaves would not fend for selves; or would be unfit for society
• A genteel family the head of which had purchased their freedom
• Prevailing on hostess to 'partake of her own labors'
• On ex-slaves preferring to stay in native land; four interracial marriages in one winter
• Man who took 16 years to purchase himself and family; wife rescued from auction block; certificate of character
• Self-respect; seeing man who escaped kidnapping thru 'Herculean strength and extraordinary courage'
• 'Frame of adamant'; Purchase of freedom and first escape from kidnapping
• Fighting off attempt by 14 men to seize him in his home; bowels protruding from wound
• Neighbors kept from intervening; 3 of the assailants under bail
• Months to recover and $140 in medical expenses; still unafraid
• 300 escaping slaves a year passing through Cinci; cause for their persecution; no buyers for Kentucky slaves
• Kentucky forced to see reasons for lack of progress
• Vulnerability due to 'disqualifying statute', and prevalence of 'rogues and rascals'; Scapegoating

Chapter 25

• Boarding the boat for Ripley; Porter ('boy') gets news of his mother's brutal flogging
• The porter's story; (nearly?) cheated of money to purchase himself, but escaped
• Porter trying to purchase his mother, who is for sale at hotel where Abdy stayed
• Visit to Rev. Rankin seeking info on freed blacks who had belonged to Gist, an Englishman
• Rev. Rankin directs Abdy to 'proper quarter'; has had much happy association with blacks
• Rankin's rare good sense and benevolence; decided in principles, mild in expressing them
• Rankin author of 'Letters on Slavery'; Abdy verifying abominations therein
• Rankin's 'letters': Illicit sex on the plantation goes both ways
• Stage from Ripley to Georgetown; found 'colonists' there; often cheated in lieu of white witness
• On a bad, muddy road by moonlight; approached alone; met with caution
• Taken to another house; met again with caution towards a strange white man
• Fraud; flogging and other abuse; Richmond; Loathsome jail; Military guard and freedom
• Brutal journey under escort; uncleared land (worst in Ohio) inadequate tools
• In a bad situation with no legal title to lands; befriended by Quakers; originally 360 slaves freed?
• Dr Adams' appeal to Pennsylvania (antislavery) Society for help in settling Gist's freed slaves
• Appeal rejected
• A Portraiture of Domestic Slavery in the United States, &c., by Jesse Torrey, Jun
• Tennessee man tried to settle his slaves in Indiana; 'unconstitutional'; then rejected by Penna.
• Colony continues and multiplies, harrassed by 'slave-traders and marauders'
• Forced to put up travellers; Richmond agent useless, and lack of religious instruction
• Peter Vicey's substantial and growing farm
• Abuse by employers and no benefit of law, despite being taxed
• Local whites: the colony should go to Liberia; especially tavern-keeper Wilson (of Georgetown)
• Debating with Wilson -- a fellow Englishman but bigot and colonizationist
• I was convinced that the day of reckoning is coming upon a nation so disgraced
• 'Exiled' white Kentuckian respectful, tho' astonished by white man at table with blacks
• Stories by visitor of Mormons; their friendliness to blacks, and consequent abuse
• Peter Vicey's daughter, a 'great support to the family'; weaver
• Desire for a faithful agent; Dissentions in the camps
• Personal conversation with Rev. Jones, the critic of Liberia. Not yet freed (ACS supposed to help)
• Rev Jones: one third of Liberian colonists die in first year.
• Liberia: tiny farms; trading rum, gunpowder and tobacco with natives; supplies stolen
• Jones report: governor criticized; bad provisions swapped for good; harsher charges than in version A. saw in Cinci; ACS mum
• A few early settlers established in profitable trade; natives abused
• Influence on natives opposite of the purported good.
• Land based electorate encourages government favoritism in land allotment
• Report favorable to schools -- 3000 remaining settlers -- Jones unwilling to return
• Farewell to the settlers; Abdy is begged not to intervene as it would backfire; A. attempts to smooth divisions
• Need for schools and a protective agent; school may come; biggest need: formal equality in court
• Young women taken advantage of by employers; sent home with no recourse
• People at Ripley hotel care about settlers; appointed agent stole from settlers; went to Illinois
• Kindness by Gist's daughters
• Freedom papers; Special legislative act to 'give power to' will; no surnames given; What became of estate?
• Letter to (or from?) an agent; estate reduced by creditor's claims, but was $8000-10,000
• More from letter: suits in progress; future exertions by agent; 18 still in Virginia (1828?)
• Return to Cinci to try to help; Sympathetic ex-neighbor makes inquiry; most neighbors hostile, tho'
• Mormon admonition to 'revile no more against them because of the darkness of their skins'

Chapter 26

• Newspapers shun negative reports on Liberia; Journalist admits 'abolitionists are right' but prints anti-abolition pieces
• Abdy meets acquaintance of Damon Jones who calls him hard working and respected
• Jones' master brutal, and an advocate of severe legislation on slaves
• Free blacks vote in N. Carolina; better treated than in north
• 'Their political and social disabilities are almost as various as the States'
• Free blacks in eastern Virginia cowed into over-politeness, unlike the slaves
• Trade with south. Cincinnati thinks, as Liverpool once did, its interests depend on slavery
• At Hillsborough, Joshua Woodrow - reluctant agent for the Gist colonies
• More background on the camps. A 3rd one. $5000 remained in estate; interest for 'aged and infirm'
• Woodrow learns of Abdy's visit to camps; begins to derogate them
• Abdy speaks of visiting the 3rd camp; is advised to go to its agent, Enoch Lewis, first
• After 5-6 miles horesback ride, Abdy asks directions, and is offerred an escort
• Initial worries of guide being in league with agents is dissipated, and they set off
• Guide received in 'familiar, yet respectful' manner
• Situation of the residents: extreme poverty; 4 yrs since left Virginia
• Some of Gist's freed slaves hid and stayed behind; some returned and squatted on the land
• Same story as those near Ripley - cruelty, fraud; suspicious death of a benefactor
• Unable to find out contents of Gist's will; nor did their 'agents' trouble to learn it
• Ejected from the plantation by three armed men; two of the group in irons
• Treated 'worst than dogs'; 'cut to pieces'; young girl's back broken by blow with a rail
• 5 acres per person and 1 plough for 2 families; shoddy supplies, in contrast to what their master had provided
• In slavery, good treatment can be snatched away suddenly, leaving a bitter memory
• Sometimes settlers work for hire, but are often defrauded; living in ..destitution; Abdy promised to try to help in England
• Abdy cautions them not to expect too much.
• The agent, Woodrow, only distributes relief in goods from his own shop, and services he provides
• Out of one pocket, and into the other
• No school or religious instructor
• Modest progress of the farm; a milk cow ...
• Abdy's white guide calls 'black law' unconstitutional; vows to try to change it.
• Departure; 'Such are the people who are held up to the scorn of mankind'
• Supper at Abdy's guide's house; men eat first, then the women
• Farewell to his guide; kindness of innkeeper who refused payment
• Chillicothe, on the canal; 4-5,000 people 10% black; blacks maintain good schools there
• 'discouragements to which their legal disqualifications expose them'; nearly all have been defrauded at one time
• Sometimes inclined 'to give up the struggle, and descend to the level ..of vice and crime'
• Many (100 families) left N. Carolina due to laws against blacks having their own churches
• An 'honest, industrious, and orderly people'; owning $40,000 in property
• White Presbyterian minister's good will; antislavery stand by Presby. Synod
• Blacks 'fully entitled, by their conduct, to the same rights and privileges' as those who have robbed and insulted them
• Orderly behavior; wish to educate children; lack of vindicativeness
• Zanesville; 400-500 of African descent; Sunday school attended by 70, chiefly adults
• Mr Howell, a resident Englishman: their attainments exceed what could be expected of whites in similar circumstances
• Tediousness of repeating the same true observations 'gives calumny an advantage'
• One of them fatally attacked when trying to defend girls from drunks. 'Black code' prevents murderers from getting justice
• Zanesville anti-slavery society increased from 4 to 200 in past year.
• Zanesville illustrates difference in growth and modernization between slave and free states
• Statistics showing growth of Ohio vs stagnation of Virginia and Kentucky population
• Few slaves and good relations between black and white in northern panhandle (of today's WV)
• Unpopularity of slavery here; Local indignation at sale of a slave 'who was a great favorite with every one'
• Abolition society of Pittsburg: 300 members; started a school for blacks in last few days; serving 60 or 70.
• Black population of Pittsburg 1200. Wonderful progress by a Greek scholar; all the boys read; instructor's praise

Chapter 27

• Abdy goes in search of Philadelphia boardinghouse waiter, who was missing and feared kidnapped
• Waiter had redeemed himself and wife, but his wife still in jeopardy
• Testimonials to the character of the waiter and former slave
• Waiter's descriptions of slavery; I'll put you in my pocket
• Ballad on fear of being taken to 'Lousy-Anna ..scarecrow for poor nigger'
• Vicious masters used as 'scarecrow' by their neighbors
• Family separations cause 'broken hearts'; hint at 'indelicate' matters
• Business of forging freedom papers employs white men and freed blacks
• Freedom a fond hope of the slaves; those who are freed show special industriousness
• That labor with wages would be hated by those who have had to work without is nonsense
• West Indies disproves blacks' indifference to wages; emmigrants imported to keep them down
• Misconceptions about 'immediate' emancipation
• Abdy criticizes West Indian 'apprenticeship' system; says Americans won't follow this example
• Example of slave-like conditions, including flogging, of 'freed' W. Indian slaves
• Fallacious analogy between slaves and feudal serfs - another source of 'gradualist' notions
• Mr. Temple describes missionaries' condition in Liberia. Most die of fever; some become traders
• Liberia: 'settlement was one mass of chicanery and corruption'
• Mr. Temple: Liberian starvation, abuse of natives. Attempt as censoring him
• Liberia: lack of clothing or blankets; lies about 'flourishing settlement'
• A colony without a mother country ... without government
• Three days of mob violence in New York; $20,000 or more damage; many fled
• Courier and Enquirer says few involved in the violence, and justifies their actions
• 'A silly cry of amalgamation had exasperated the public mind'
• Times and Albany Argus blame 'the abolitionists' mad measures and insane obstinacy'
• NY American calls rioters' conduct 'so laudable in one instance, most dangerous as a precedent'
• Mayor Lawrence rebukes abolitionists and their attackers equally
• Many estimable blacks cruelly beaten; 'to call such a country free or enlightened, is an insult to common sense'
• Rioters threatened to dip Arthur Tappan and Dr. Cox in indellible ink
• One victim's son a distinguished literary scholar at Glasgow
• Rioters give 'Three cheers for James Watson Webb, of the Courier!'; 'amalgamation' and 'rights of property'
• National welfare is sacrificed to mean avarice and meaner pride'
• Estimated 20,000 rioters; 150 jailed. 3 convicted
• Courier gloats over 'desirable state of public feeling' caused by the riots;... insane populace
• After the riots, all was blamed on the Antislavery Society and supposed doctrine of 'amalgamation'
• Aim of 'promoting marriage between the blacks and whites' taken for granted and condemned as a crime
• Bishop tells 'Peter Williams, whose church had been damaged in the late shock' to quit Antislavery Society; he complies
• 'The nicest people have the nastiest ideas'
• Attitudes to interracial marriage seemingly 'purely sensual, in its most disgusting and degrading grossness'
• (interracial) 'concubinage is considered less criminal than marriage'
• NY's Rev. Reese' pamphlet against 'amalgamation' - circular logic; 'incongruous' ... 'impracticable'
• Segregated city directories; ridicule of treating all with slightest African ancestry as equally Pariahs
• 1663 Maryland law enslaved white women who married 'negro slaves'
• James Forten's wealth, probity, urbanity. Family in Phila. 170 years; no known slaves
• Forten's part in Revolutionary war; capture; imprisonment; impression made on an English officer
• Forten's survival of the terrible prison ships; a year in London after the war; returned to U.S. and became sailmaker
• Forten's saving twelve men from drowning, from his workshop by the riverbank
• Forten's refusal to outfit a ship involved in slave trading (while Abdy was there)
• Abdy converses alone with 8 'Colored prisoners' at Phila. Pennitentiary; slight offenses; possibly false charges

Chapter 28

• Northern racism caused largely by separate upbringing. In south it has a different cause
• In Martinique, a black man is 'honored' by a challenge to a duel
• 'Insane department' of the Phildelphia poor house; less racism here than outside.
• 'Mania a putu' .. inebriety .. less common among black women
• 'African race' averse to entering the almshouse
• 'Provident Society for employing the poor' keeps labor where it is less useful. In west, this free labor could help eliminate slavery.
• 403 blacks, 2794 whites receive 'outdoor' relief in wood
• Separation of races, in childhood, 'manhood', 'sickness', 'manufactury, .. 'grave'
• Blacks served the sick during recent Cholera
• One 'colored boy' in Philadelphia House of Refuge -- treated as respectfully at the rest
• William Hector, a 12 year resident of Philadelphia 'reclaimed' to slavery. Judge without jury decides the case
• Penn. law of 1826 gives a judge the power to turn a black person over to slavery, without jury.
• Black coachmen keep 'best and neatest' vehicles. Black driver makes passenger feel more grand.
• In cases like the coachmen, and barbers, prejudice can work for its victims
• Barbers who 'in handling a colonizationist, are as ready with their logic as their razors'
• Assets, taxes paid, charitable organizations, of Philadelphia black community
• American Quakers have weak stand on slavery; weaken it further by unwillingness to work with other sects
• Blacks treated as Pariahs even in the Quaker meeting-house
• U.S. Quakers 'tell [the slaveowner] to be kind, while you see he knows not how to be just'
• Quakers tepidly try to 'elevate' blacks without acknowledging their unfair burdens
• U.S. Quakers 'prudent' enough on race and slavery to make southerners happy; no acknowledging *sin* of slavery
• Real abolitionists among the Quakers are 'sigmatized as Hicksites'
• Incredulity over Quaker approval of Missouri statehood with slavery
• Elias Hicks a strict boycotter of slave-produced goods, literally to his last breath
• Story of a Delaware slave, residing in Philadephia, 'renting' his own body from his master
• The slave learns he is free by Pennsylvania law; reproached with ingratitude
• 'The law which gave you my labor, now gives me my liberty'. Voluntarily pays for himself $100.
• Escaped slave who became wealthy in Phila, went in search of his children; died of broken heart.
• Cases of honor shown by slaves, whose masters' word can't be trusted
• A slave goes 'back to his chains' because he gave his word
• Slave ransoming 'injurious ... as it acknowledges the right of the master to sell'; how some masters take advantage
• Slave ransomed, with companions, by a Quaker; repays the Quaker for his companions who ran off

Chapter 29

• Segregation in Newhaven cemetary; Asmun's grave; 'potters field' also segregated
• Rev. Jocelyn, one of the 'fanatics'; who promote reforms of which their opponents will some day boast
• U.S. abolitionism 'has had her martyrs: she is not yet disgraced by demagogues'
• New Haven: perhaps worst city of its size for harrassment of blacks; unsafe to go out at night
• Canterbury CT. Miss Crandal just married, and one of her assistants to marry WL Garrison.
• Miss Crandall on honeymoon; Abdy meets young man under indictment of anti black school law
• Abdy does not believe the law can be upheld in Federal court -Cites U.S. Constitution Art. 4, sec 2
• Students down from 30 to 20; extensive window-breaking attack with stones and poles had occurred
• A 'beautifully bound' Bible and Concordance from Ladies of Edinburgh via Charles Stuart
• Legal help is costing hundreds; doctor refused to provide services at all
• Another indictment for 'harboring'. Prudence Crandall Phileo 'nobly' supported by young sister.
• The house had been set on fire, and a black man scapegoated by the community; newspaper's mysterious announcement
• Canterbury students banned from local church; have to go two miles off.
• Minister was intimidated out of performing Crandall-Phileo wedding.
• An English girl sent to the school out of sympathy by her father in Utica
• Lithograph of Daniel O'Connell observed in the school
• Tirade by Irish bishop of Charleston against O'Conner's abolitionist 'Derrynane Manifesto'
• Irish love of their homeland, and hatred of 'descendants of Africa'
• Trip to Providence to visit Dr. Channing 'man of expanded mind'
• Abdy expresses sympathy for African Americans to Channing
• Segregation at meals compared by C. to English classism. Abdy disagrees
• There were other prejudices in the world, I was told ...
• 'Colored persons' Channing had observed were of 'indifferent character'; Phila blacks 'degraded to the lowest state'
• Abdy's reply: 'one man's experience...' and Philadephia report disprovable 'by official documents'
• Channing thinks self free from prejudice, yet takes Abdy's complaints personally
• In fact, Channing showed his prejudice by expressing the usual fear of 'amalgamation' to Mrs. Child
• Channing has his servants eat separately, but protests a coachman putting his black servant outside
• Appeal to phrenology, 'different races' 'degrees of intellect'
• Ironic quotation of Channing: 'we trace ourselves up to one pair, and feel the same blood flowing in our veins'
• Abdy says even if difference in intellect exists, it is no grounds for mistreatment
• Channing claims 'none but the uneducated classes' are racist; Abdy quotes 'literary productions' in reply
• Channing: No reason to suppose 'pain or humiliation was inflicted by these national customs'
• Channing quoted against himself: to 'rob men of self-reverence' the worst outrage
• not in his house; result of slavery, not antipathy. Decline in opinion of 'negro intellect' since Las Casas
• 'planters themselves complain of [northern racism] when they bring their slaves to the north
• Abdy on hatred of a man 'for his own or his father's misfortunes'. Channing would try to elevate the hated object
• Channing's celebration of those who 'throw off the yoke of established prejudices', vs indifference on racism
• Channing's ignorance of difficulty of blacks' getting work; proposes assisting them. Abdy notes jealousy that would produce.
• Abdy tells of his thoughts of publishing an account of 'colored race in America'
• Channing: as long as it's fair ... and what about British classism?
• Channing: Wouldn't the appearance of a great black genius solve the problem of racism?
• Channing: freedom is causing unemployment in 'our colonies'. Abdy: If so, that means it's more efficient
• Channing: best for blacks to educate them in separate schools; abolitionists' imprudence.
• Channing on Milton: 'The deeply moved soul will speak strongly, and ought to speak strongly'
• Abdy on trouble with 'moderate' approach: 'to treat men as philosophers, in order to teach them philosophy, is to be no philosopher'
• Channing's implicit assumptions of black inferiority
• To indulge white servants' prejudices is not to be master in ones own house
• Abdy debates both parts of statement that prejudice 'invincible' and no effort, therefore, should be made to subdue it'
• Channing on the energy needed to lead people to examine their faults or sins
• Abdy gives Luther and Calvin as examples of need for immoderation to effect change
• 'Not the mere privation of a privilege, but the utter hopelessness of ever attaining it'
• Channing cites his origination of 'African schools' as proof of his liberality
• Salem resolution to have separate schools even if economies of scale don't exist to facilitate them
• Negative leadership provided by this sort of example
• Why should the schoolmaster make a distinction unknown to the tax-gatherer?
• Why select the most susceptible periods of life, to [inculcate prejudice]?
• Channing attempts 'to find in the extent and intensity of a prejudice a reason for its continuance'
• Concluding observation that 'prejudices and follies exist in every country'
• One evil can never sanction another
• Channing seemed to 'weigh every word before he gave it utterance; --urging me to continue, as if to take time for reflection'
• ...'opinions of a high-caste Brahmin' ... Channing suffers in comparision to 'the convert to Unitarianism in the east'
• Who in American 'literature, has stood up against the brutal superstition of his country?'
• The few 'destined to take the lead as moral teachers, have been reproved for their boldness '
• Channing calls Abdy an 'enthusiast'; fine talk for a 'heretic'
• Channing's sermon on slavery attributed to conversation with Abdy; Abdy thinks not.
• Channing misses the importance of prejudice in the north for upholding slavery; Haitian quote.
• Kentuckians scandalized at the sale of a woman and children indistinguishable from white
• Abdy's friends afraid of offending Channing - 'we must look to Truth, and not to Socrates'
• 'The Unitarians know their duty, but they dare not act up to it'
• 'The Pope at Rome was more liberal two hundred years ago, than the liberals at Boston'
• Christian Examiner: 'There is nothing more humbling than the history of prejudices'
• Christian Examiner recently defended slavery; promised to publish rebuttal by Mr May, but renegged
• Visit to Moses Brown, 96 year old Providence abolitionist; liberated his slaves and gave back-pay for their services
• Brown's manumission papers (quoted) a strong manifesto
• Slave infant 'having the same natural right, I hereby give her the same power, as my own children'
• 'The Lord's requiring ...walk humbly with our God, is the cause of this my duty to you'
• Brown signed 1789 charter of Pennsylvania (abolition) society with Franklin, Wm. Pitt,...
• Pennsylvania act of 1780: 'Weaned ... from narrow prejudices and partialities'
• Henry VIII 'God created all men free ... pious and meritorious with God to manumit...'
• Rhode Island was first to prohibit slavery on its own land, in 1652 (document quoted)
• RI also 'last to give up the profits of the slave-trade, and still has harsh laws against helping a slave escape
• 10 years ago, Rhode Islander's craft seized to be sold, for slave trafficing. Buyer was mobbed, ears cut off.
• Peter Jay, the source of the story, far from an anti-slavery propagandist
• Whites think slaves who 'have just emerged from .. barbarism or slavery have few artificial wants' unfair competition.
• Claim that whites are driven west by cheap black labor ... 'evil genius'

Chapter 30

• In Boston, a cousin of Peter Vicey adds to the story of the Gist will (colonies in Ohio)
• Blacks not allowed in institution for the blind; fear of loss of contributions from the south; letter from a petitioner
• Judge Story's admonition to jury in murder case to discount witness because of anti-white prejudice
• Story congratulated defendant on acquittal, by which his 'character was fully vindicated'
• 'African schools' left out of yearly examination; not allowed to greet President in parade
• One 'African school' lead by white man 'in habit of corrupting morals of young women'; not disciplined
• Visit to Noyes Seminary, being formed in Canaan, NH, to serve black and white students
• Concord newspaper 'menaced a determined opposition to [Noyes Seminary]'
• Abdy's travelling companion persuasive with the local people (re Noyes Sem.)
• Situation of Noyes Sem. - inexpensive; students to board with locals; a little local opposition
• News of suppression of student antislavery anticolonization speech at Lane; exodus of students
• More on 'stifling of inquiry' at Lane, quoting from Exec. Committee report
• Matters are approaching a choice of 'the complete adoption of personal freedom or political slavery'

Chapter 31

• Dr Tuckerman's experience of 'despised and degraded' - many instances of exemplary virtue
• No distinctions made at Tuckerman's servants' table; teaching to live in Christian love
• Prof. Follen; European refugee and abolitionist does not pander to American prejudices.
• Dr Follen, supported by 'his lady' faced insults and threat after 'Address to the people of the U.S.'
• Colonel May's opinion of rarity of drunkenness among blacks (from a non-abolitionist)
• At house of industry, blacks are separated, and put next to the insane, with 'usual disregard of their feelings'
• In the infant school here, the stain of color is visible among the pupils.
• 'Not many of this class of paupers' ... a 97 year old black revolutionary sailer; no pension or 'snug harbor'
• In establishment for juvenile offenders, no one admitted with 'a drop of the prohibited ... blood in his veins'
• Visit to Canterbury, where the school had been finally given up after latest attack
• At Canterbury, 5 windows broken simultaneously; Judson expresses contempt at being asked to deal with it
• Most students had left; authorities ignoring outrages; debt of $1300; students from Cuba turned back
• Mrs. Phileo (described before as a 'village Hampden') contemplates refuge in England (exact reverse of Hampden's course)
• Abdy calls on authorities on behalf of Mrs. Phileo. Is given excuses for town's lack of protection.
• (Mr. Bacon) accuses Mrs. Phileo of breaking a law (passed after the fact)
• Stage passengers anonymous 'lady' and 'colored man' to protect one and persecute the other
• Meeting in NY with George Thompson, recently ejected from his boarding house, and threatened, etc.
• Lack of free discussion: 'The same persons who call on you to admire, forbid you to condemn'
• Thompson, after giving 15 addresses, is petitioned to speak in 100 different places
• Two Baptist ministers plan an antislavery campagn in the South .. to bear death if necessary
• The national churches 'present the best point of attack upon; slavery; numbers in denominations

Chapter 32

• Anti-black riots in Phila: 'the plot embracing many, whose rank in society would secure concealment'
• Philadelphia Enquirer and Courier's taunting a prelude to riots
• Philadelphia Enquirer and Courier applauds NY papers accused of fomenting riots
• Ludicrously weak deprecation of riots, and 'more the necessity for them'
• Phila Commercial Herald complains of 'conduct of the black porters who infest our markets' on day before riots.
• fn: black porters became established in Phila. 40 years ago despite 'threats and insults'
• Newspaper's provocation: 'Is there no way ... our citizens can be protected from their assaults?'
• James Forten's son attacked by 50-60 uniformly dressed young men; narrowly escaped
• Neighbor followed gang that attacked Forten, sees them thanked by leader and told they would 'attack the niggers' on the 11th
• Mr. Forten communicated the incident to the mayor; action was taken, and 7 of gang arrested
• 'The city was thus prepared against the meditated assault' (but yet...)
• Forten's house given 'horse guard', and action prevented 'whole city' from going up in riot
• Vow of Mr Hogan, 'An Irishman' to defend Forten with his life
• Quaker goes among the mobs where a man swears to bury [his knife] in the heart's blood of the first black he could get at
• Some blacks arm and make a fortress in Benezet Hall; persuaded to sneak out
• 'D__n that nigger --see how he insults us! --he is smoking a cigar.'
• Subscriptions for help after riots rejected by many who said they'd give to send the blacks to Liberia
• One man beaten to death, another drowned trying to escape; babes hidden under a tub
• Wrecking of houses and search for plunder
• Rioters mostly young men; many tradesmen
• Man told he'd have been left alone if he hadn't opposed colonization
• Patience and resignation; Irish laborers 'but instruments'
• Woman hides as her house is looted; recognizes a man who she later has 'bound over'.
• At the trial, 'colored people' ordered out of the court.
• One tradesman-rioter, recognized by victim, sheepishly leads his gang away
• People driven into the fields and lanes; authorities afraid to provide public refuge
• A magistrate tells of horrors he has seen perpetrated by 'white lords of creation'
• Anti-abolition Enquirer and Courier calls riot 'more disgraceful than any that our citizens have ever witnessed'
• Claim that 'the whole affair might have been effectually suppressed by' 20 or 30 men
• White neighbors indifferent; proprieters anxious to rid the place of blacks and introduce 'a more wealthy class of people'
• 'Pusillanimous' report by committee on 'causes and consequences of riots'
• Report says 'certain portions of our community prefer to employ colored people'
• Another purported cause of riot, the black community's support of runaway slaves
• Support of runaways gives the lie to 'want of sympathy for one another' (cf Channing)
• To add insult to injury, blacks are admonished to 'behave themselves inoffensively'
• Of the murdered man; no one in mob 'wicked enough' '--Yet in truth they did this accursed thing'
• Meanwhile, Missourians fear that free blacks might become so respectable as to be difficult to persecute
• In Columbia, PA, Dr Parrish mobbed for trying to counter the Colonization society's gross libels
• More 'dreadful riots' set off in Columbia by marriage of white woman and 'colored' man who could pass for white
• Columbia working men compain 'disorderly negroes may revel with the money that ought to support the white man'
• Columbia white workers boycott those who employ 'negroes' for work commonly done by whites
• Committee to be formed to harrass blacks into selling property and leaving, and 'not receive any colored persons from other places'
• Descriptions of burning, wrecking and beating in Columbia
• Abdy notes 'not one angry expression' in the account
• John Randolph's deathbed and last (verbal) will to free his slaves.
• Portrait of one planter's wife; for a 'psychological anatomist the finest specimen of morbid structure...'
• She scolded her husband, spoiled her boy, flogged her slaves...
• Her equally obnoxious son: 'where is my slave? --where is my Negro? She is my negro! --she is my slave! '
• Looked like he would 'one day grasp his dirk to avenge an insult, or brandish the cowhide to enforce a command'

Chapter 33

• Christiana Gibbons, Philadephia woman of 'pure African blood and royal descent'
• Freed and willed $8000, but her fortune was lost by lax or dishonest white agents
• Mrs. Gibbons recently come from Georgia to Phila to escape 'impositions and annoyances'
• Every free black in Georgia an 'infant in the eye of the law', requiring free papers, sponsors, paying high taxes
• The Jews are generally agents for the colored people, serve them well and are well paid
• Christiana 'never knew a slave who did not long for freedom'
• Some slaves would die rather than be separated from loved ones, and resolute enough to deter buyers.
• One slave to notorious planter: 'if I become your slave, I will cut your throat the first opportunity'
• Christiana's dignity and 'willingness to engage in any work that did not carry moral degradation'
• Christiana's firmness and resolute religious morality; forbad brother to 'break engagement' to master
• Slanders about 'indolence and sloth' of slaves and free blacks
• Jamaicans lured into Georgia and 'treated as slaves'; Mary Gordon and her son
• It is high time to protect British [black] subjects from outrages to person and property in the U.S.
• British often imprisoned in the U.S. in violation of international law
• Charlestonians invited to 'claim as property' some black British seamen
• Most were freed with the help of William Turpin
• Laws of S. Carolina: death for stealing a slave easy punishment for stealing a free man from himself
• 'It is astonishing the number of free blacks that have been kidnapped [near this place]'
• Manumission society of NY rescued 292 from kidnapping betw 1810 and 1817
• Obscure language of a Charlestonian willing his slaves their freedom. 'Latham and Turpin will know what to do'
• A black British sailor recovered wages from his imprisonment in Charleston
• Similar outrages are performed on French Sailors
• British empire not exempt: the imprisonment and ruin of a British friend of negro emancipation in Antigua
• Story of a black man onboard Abdy's return vessel as a waiter; hiding his marriage to an Englishwoman
• Visiting his wife clandestinely in New York; otherwise his life would not have been safe